Fixes in lambda/function definitions (body args). Cleanup of examples and decumentation. Added convenience methods for JS interop, lists and objects.

README.txt

@@ -59,11 +59,16 @@ To save an image in memory, open an image file with Ronin, or drag an image file
 
 Library
 
+Files
+
 - (open name ~scale) Imports a graphic file with format.
 - (import name ~shape) Imports a graphic file with format.
 - (export ~format ~quality) Exports a graphic file with format.
 - (files) Returns the list of loaded files.
 - (print string) Exports string to file.
+
+Shapes
+
 - (pos ~x ~y) Returns a position shape.
 - (line ax ay bx by) Returns a line shape.
 - (size w h) Returns a size shape.
@@ -74,6 +79,9 @@ Library
 - (poly ...pos) Returns a poly shape.
 - (text x y p t ~a ~f) Returns a text shape.
 - (svg x y d) Returns a svg shape.
+
+Canvas operations
+
 - (color r g b ~a) Returns a color object.
 - (hsl h s l ~a) returns a HSL color object
 - (resize ~w) Resizes the canvas to target w and h, returns the rect.
@@ -92,6 +100,9 @@ Library
 - (clear ~rect) Clears a rect.
 - (gradient line ~colors 'black']) Defines a gradient color.
 - (guide shape color) Draws a shape on the guide layer.
+
+Pixel operations
+
 - (pixels fn ~q ~rect) 
 - (saturation pixel q) Change the saturation of pixels.
 - (contrast pixel q) Change the contrast of pixels.
@@ -100,8 +111,14 @@ Library
 - (multiply pixel q) Change the color balance of pixels.
 - (normalize pixel q) Normalize the color of pixels with another color.
 - (lum color) Return the luminance of a color.
+
+Strings
+
 - (concat ...items) Concat multiple strings.
 - (split string char) Split string at character.
+
+Math
+
 - (add ...args) Adds values.
 - (sub ...args) Subtracts values.
 - (mul ...args) Multiplies values.
@@ -125,38 +142,71 @@ Library
 - (PI) 
 - (TWO_PI) 
 - (random ...args) 
+
+Logic
+
 - (gt a b) Returns true if a is greater than b, else false.
 - (lt a b) Returns true if a is less than b, else false.
 - (eq a b) Returns true if a is equal to b, else false.
 - (and ...args) Returns true if all conditions are true.
 - (or a b ...rest) Returns true if at least one condition is true.
+- (not a) Negation. Returns true if a is false. Returns false if a is true. 
+- (while fn action) While loop. Execute action for as long as fn is true.
+
+Language
+- (let name value)
+- (def name value)
+- (defn fname ~(...fnparams) ...instructions)
+- (λ (...args) ...instructions)
+- (if (condition) ...instruction-when-true ~...instruction-when-false)
+
+Lists
+
 - (each arr fn) Run a function for each element in a list.
 - (map arr fn) Run a function on each element in a list.
 - (filter arr fn) Remove from list, when function returns false.
 - (reduce arr fn acc) 
 - (len item) Returns the length of a list.
+- (cons arr ...items) Returns a new array with the items appended.
+- (push arr ...items) Appends the items into the existing list.
+- (pop arr) Pop the last item from the list and return the item.
 - (first arr) Returns the first item of a list.
 - (last arr) Returns the last
-- (rest [_ ...arr]) 
-- (range start end ~step) 
+- (rest [_ ...arr]) Returns all arguments except the first
+- (range start end ~step) Returns a list of numbers counting from start to end. Step defaults to 1.
+
+Objects (maps)
+
 - (get item key) Gets an object's parameter with name.
 - (set item ...args) Sets an object's parameter with name as value.
 - (of h ...keys) Gets object parameters with names.
+- (object ...entries) Creates an object with provided entries.
 - (keys item) Returns a list of the object's keys
 - (values item) Returns a list of the object's values
-- (convolve kernel ~rect) 
+
+Convolution filters
+
+- (convolve kernel ~rect) Apply convolution filter with given kernel on an area.
 - (blur) Returns the blur kernel.
 - (sharpen) Returns the sharpen kernel.
 - (edge) Returns the edge kernel.
+
+Points
+
 - (offset a b) Offsets pos a with pos b, returns a.
 - (distance a b) Get distance between positions.
+
+Utilities
+
 - (echo ...args) Print arguments to interface.
 - (debug arg) Print arguments to console.
 - (time ~rate) Returns timestamp in milliseconds.
-- (js) Javascript interop.
+- (js) Javascript interop. Returns window object.
 - (on event f) Triggers on event.
-- (test name a b) 
+- (test name a b) Unit test. Checks if a is equal to b, logs results to console.
 - (benchmark fn) Logs time taken to execute a function.
+- (get-theme) Returns an object with current theme colors. 
+- (get-frame) Returns a shape object describing the current canvas.
 
 Extras
 

examples/basics/spiral.lisp

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
  
 ;
 (defn redraw () 
-  (
+  
     (clear) 
-    (rec 300)))
+    (rec 300))
 
 ;
 (on "animate" redraw)

examples/basics/spire.lisp

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 ;
 (clear)
 
+(def frame 
+  (get-frame))
+
 ;
 (def gradient-line 
   (line frame:c 0 frame:c frame:h))

examples/basics/stars.lisp

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 (clear)
 
+(def frame 
+  (get-frame))
+
 
 ; times
 
@@ -26,13 +29,13 @@
 ; position on a circle from angle
 
 (defn circle-pos 
-  (cx cy r a) {:x 
+  (cx cy r a) (object "x"  
   (add cx 
     (mul r 
-      (cos a))) :y 
+      (cos a))) "y"  
   (add cy 
     (mul r 
-      (sin a)))})
+      (sin a)))))
 
 
 ; draw
@@ -42,10 +45,10 @@
   (
     (stroke 
       (line cx cy 
-        (:x 
-          (circle-pos cx cy r a)) 
-        (:y 
-          (circle-pos cx cy r a))) "white" 2)))
+        (get 
+          (circle-pos cx cy r a) "x") 
+        (get 
+          (circle-pos cx cy r a) "y")) "white" 2)))
 
 ;
 (defn draw-star 

examples/basics/theme.lisp

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 (def theme 
   (get-theme))
-
+(def frame 
+  (get-frame))
 
 ; ex: theme:f_high
 

examples/basics/transform.branch.lisp

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 (clear)
 
+(def theme 
+  (get-theme))
+
+(def frame 
+  (get-frame))
+
 (defn branch 
   (v) 
   (if 

examples/basics/transforms.lisp

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 (clear)
 
+(def theme 
+  (get-theme))
+
 (transform:move 150 150)
 
 (fill 

examples/events/webmidi.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+;A simple MIDI visualiser
+;showing activity per note
+;and channel.
+
+(clear)
+
+(def theme 
+  (get-theme))
+
+(resize 1200 600)
+
+(def maxcirclesize 50)
+
+(def mincirclesize 20)
+
+(def circlexdist 40)
+
+(def circleydist 30)
+
+(def notes 
+  (object 0 "A" 1 "A#" 2 "B" 3 "C" 4 "C#" 5 "D" 6 "D#" 7 "E" 8 "F" 9 "F#" 10 "G" 11 "G#"))
+
+(def sharpnotes 
+  (object 1 "A#" 4 "C#" 6 "D#" 9 "F#" 11 "G#"))
+
+(def frame 
+  (get-frame))
+
+(def jswindow 
+  (js))
+
+(defn isblackkey 
+  (num) 
+  (def distfromA0 
+    (sub num 21)) 
+  (def semitonenum 
+    (mod distfromA0 12)) 
+  (not 
+    (eq 
+      (get sharpnotes semitonenum) undefined)))
+
+(defn circlebynotenum 
+  (num) 
+  (circle 
+    (mul 
+      (sub num 47) circlexdist) 
+    (if 
+      (isblackkey num) circleydist 
+      (mul 2.5 circleydist)) mincirclesize))
+
+(def reactivecircles 
+  (reduce 
+    (range 48 76) 
+    (λ 
+      (acc num index) 
+      (set acc num 
+        (circlebynotenum num))) 
+    (object)))
+
+(def channelcircles 
+  (map 
+    (range 0 15) 
+    (λ 
+      (num) 
+      (circle 
+        (add 
+          (mul num circlexdist 1.25) circlexdist) 200 mincirclesize))))
+
+(defn js-exec 
+  (obj fname listargs) 
+  (def boundfunction 
+    (js-bind 
+      (get obj fname) obj)) 
+  (def result 
+    (apply boundfunction 
+      (if 
+        (eq listargs undefined) () listargs))) result)
+
+(defn midimsghandler 
+  (midiMessage) 
+  (def eventType 
+    (get 
+      (:data midiMessage) "0")) 
+  ;zero based 
+  (def channelNum 
+    (logand eventType 15)) 
+  ;ignore clock in debug to keep things cleaner 
+  (if 
+    (not 
+      (eq eventType 248)) 
+    (debug "incoming MIDI:" "CH" channelNum 
+      (:data midiMessage))) 
+  (def noteNum 
+    (get 
+      (:data midiMessage) "1")) 
+  (def noteVelocity 
+    (get 
+      (:data midiMessage) "2")) 
+  (set 
+    (get channelcircles channelNum) "r" 
+    (add mincirclesize 
+      (mul 
+        (sub maxcirclesize mincirclesize) 
+        (div noteVelocity 100)))) 
+  (set 
+    (or 
+      (get reactivecircles noteNum)()) "r" 
+    (add mincirclesize 
+      (mul 
+        (sub maxcirclesize mincirclesize) 
+        (div noteVelocity 100)))))
+
+(defn midiokhandler 
+  (midiAccess) 
+  (def midiInputs 
+    (js-exec 
+      (:inputs midiAccess) "values")) 
+  (eachof midiInputs 
+    (λ 
+      (input id) 
+      (debug "Setting listener on" 
+        (:name input) 
+        (:manufacturer input)) 
+      (set input "onmidimessage" midimsghandler))))
+
+(defn midierrhandler 
+  (err) 
+  (debug "midierrhandler" err))
+ 
+(js-exec 
+  (js-exec 
+    (:navigator jswindow) "requestMIDIAccess") "then" 
+  (list midiokhandler midierrhandler))
+
+(defn drawcircle 
+  (arglist) 
+  (def notenum 
+    (first arglist)) 
+  (def i 
+    (last arglist)) 
+  (if 
+    (gt 
+      (:r i) mincirclesize) 
+    (set i "r" 
+      (sub 
+        (:r i) 0.6))) 
+  (fill i 
+    (if 
+      (isblackkey notenum) 
+      (theme:f_med) 
+      (theme:f_low))))
+
+(defn redraw () 
+  (clear) 
+  (each 
+    (entries reactivecircles) drawcircle) 
+  (each channelcircles 
+    (λ 
+      (s i) 
+      (fill s theme:b_high) 
+      (fill 
+        (text 
+          (sub s:cx mincirclesize) 
+          (add s:cy mincirclesize 18) 18 
+          (concat "CH" i)) theme:b_inv 2))))
+
+;
+(on "animate" redraw)

examples/not-implemented-yet/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Not implemented (yet)
+
+This set of examples shows the limitations of Ronin's LISP.

examples/not-implemented-yet/object-symbols.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+;To inspect the results of these tests,
+;open your browser's debugging tools 
+;
+(usually F12)
+ and navigate to the
+;JavaScript console.
+(clear)
+
+(def mydog 
+  (object "color" "gold" "coat" "long" :speed "quick" :health "good"))
+
+(debug mydog)
+
+(test "My dog's color is" 
+  (get mydog "color") "gold")
+
+(test "My dog's coat is" 
+  (get mydog "coat") "long")
+
+(test "My dog's speed is" 
+  (get mydog "speed") "quick")
+
+;the last one passes only because :health
+;in the set instruction above 
+;resolves to undefined - and
+;technically you can have one object value 
+;for key=undefined
+(test "My dog's health is" 
+  (get mydog :health) "good")
+
+;You can, however, use obj:param syntax to 
+;get properties of objects.
+;A shorthand for 
+(get obj "param")
+.
+;
+(test "Get color" mydog:color "gold")
+
+;Also,
+(:coat mydog)
+
+;is another shorthand.
+(test "Get coat shorthand function" 
+  (:coat mydog) "long")

examples/pixels/glitch.lisp

@@ -2,17 +2,31 @@
 
 (clear)
 
-(defn glitch 
-  (rec) 
-  (if (gt rec 1)
-    (
-      (translate
-        (rect (random 400) (random 400) (random 10) (random 10))
-        (pos (random 400) (random 400)))
-      (glitch (sub rec 1)))))
-
-(import 
-  "../static/crystal.jpg" 
+(import $path
   (rect 0 0 400 400))
 
+(defn translate 
+  (source-rect dest-pos) 
+  (
+    (paste 
+      (copy source-rect) 
+      (rect dest-pos:x dest-pos:y source-rect:w source-rect:h))))
+
+(defn glitch 
+  (rec) 
+  (if 
+    (gt rec 1) 
+    (
+      (translate 
+        (rect 
+          (random 1 400) 
+          (random 1 400) 
+          (random 1 10) 
+          (random 1 10)) 
+        (pos 
+          (random 1 400) 
+          (random 1 400))) 
+      (glitch 
+        (sub rec 1)))))
+
 (glitch 500)

examples/pixels/normalize.lisp

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 ; Normalize photo colors
 
 (open $path 0.5)
+
+;(pick (rect 0 0 100 100)) will return the average color
+;of 100x100px rectangle.
+;without extra arguments, 
+;pick grabs the whole canvas by default, 
+;and calculates the average color.
 (def average-color 
   (pick))
 (pixels normalize average-color)

examples/pixels/open.lisp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ; saturate image 
-(open "../static/crystal.jpg")
-(pixels 
-  (frame) saturation 12)
+(open $path)
+(pixels saturation 12
+  (get-frame))

examples/pixels/pixels.lisp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ; drag an image on the window
 (open $path)
 ;
-(pixels 
-  (rect 100 100 400 400) saturation 0)
-(pixels 
-  (rect 300 300 400 400) contrast 0.5)
+(pixels saturation 0
+  (rect 100 100 400 400))
+(pixels  contrast 0.5
+  (rect 300 300 400 400))

examples/pixels/random.lisp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   (if 
     (gt rec 0) 
     (
-      (import "../static/crystal.jpg" 
+      (import $path
         (rect 
           (random 200) 
           (random 200) 

examples/projects/elementary-theme.lisp

@@ -18,63 +18,10 @@
   (pick 
     (guide 
       (rect $xy unit unit))))
-(def color-2 
-  (pick 
-    (guide 
-      (rect $xy unit unit))))
-(def color-3 
-  (pick 
-    (guide 
-      (rect $xy unit unit))))
-(def color-4 
-  (pick 
-    (guide 
-      (rect $xy unit unit))))
-(def color-5 
-  (pick 
-    (guide 
-      (rect $xy unit unit))))
-(def color-6 
-  (pick 
-    (guide 
-      (rect $xy unit unit))))
-(def color-7 
-  (pick 
-    (guide 
-      (rect $xy unit unit))))
-(def color-8 
-  (pick 
-    (guide 
-      (rect $xy unit unit))))
+(echo color-1)
 
 ; display
 
 (fill 
   (circle 
     (mul 20 2) pos-row-1 18) color-1)
-(fill 
-  (circle 
-    (mul 20 4) pos-row-1 18) color-2)
-(fill 
-  (circle 
-    (mul 20 6) pos-row-1 18) color-3)
-(fill 
-  (circle 
-    (mul 20 8) pos-row-1 18) color-4) 
-(fill 
-  (circle 
-    (mul 20 3) pos-row-2 18) color-5)
-(fill 
-  (circle 
-    (mul 20 5) pos-row-2 18) color-6)
-(fill 
-  (circle 
-    (mul 20 7) pos-row-2 18) color-7)
-(fill 
-  (circle 
-    (mul 20 9) pos-row-2 18) color-8)
-;
-(def res 
-  (add color-1:hex ":" color-2:hex ":" color-3:hex ":" color-4:hex ":" color-5:hex ":" color-6:hex ":" color-7:hex ":" color-8:hex))
-(echo 
-  (add res ":" res))

examples/projects/lambda.lisp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-(resize 600 200)
+(resize 600 800)
 
 (clear)
 
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
     (guide 
       (line 0 100 600 100)) colors))
 
+;collect colors to prepared list,
+;in particular points from the gradient
+;marked by the guides
 (each picked-colors 
   (λ 
     (color id) 
@@ -25,5 +28,33 @@
               (mul id 
                 (div 600 9)) 100)))))))
 
+;show picked colors as swatches
+(each picked-colors 
+  (λ 
+    (color id) 
+    ( 
+      ;swatch circle 
+      (fill 
+        (circle 
+          20 (add (mul id 
+            (div 600 9)) 300) 18) color) 
+      "black")))
+
+;show picked colors as text
+(each picked-colors 
+  (λ 
+    (color id) 
+    ( 
+      (fill 
+        (text 
+          12 (add (mul id 
+            (div 600 9)) 300 5) 24 
+          (concat id ": " 
+            (get 
+              (get picked-colors 
+                (concat "" id)) "hex"))) "black"))))
+
+;get the first color in different formats
 (echo 
-  (get picked-colors:1 "hex"))
+  (get picked-colors:0 "hex") 
+  (get picked-colors:0 "rgba"))

examples/projects/print-files.lisp

@@ -7,5 +7,8 @@
       (add 
         (mul index 40) 50) 40 name) "red"))
 
+;this will display the list of loaded files.
+;drag a few pictures into Ronin, then eval
+;this script again.
 (each 
   (files) print-file)

examples/projects/spire.lisp

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 ;
 (clear)
 
+(def frame (get-frame))
+
 ;
 (def gradient-line 
   (line frame:c 0 frame:c frame:h))

examples/tests/lists.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+(test "Native last call - list of numbers" 
+  (last 
+    (1 2 3)) 3)
+
+(test "Native last call - list of numbers, 1 element" 
+  (last 
+    (1)) 1)
+
+(test "Native last call - list of numbers, no elements"
+  (last ()) undefined)
+
+(test "Native last call - list of strings, 1 element" 
+  (last 
+    ("abc")) "abc")
+
+(test "Native last call - list of strings, many elements" 
+  (last 
+    ("ala" "bla" "cla")) "cla")
+
+;functions defined as defn/lambda args bodyinstrs...
+
+(defn lastfn 
+  (listarg) (debug "some other instruction") 
+  (last listarg))
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of numbers" 
+  (lastfn 
+    (1 2 3)) 3)
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of numbers, 1 element" 
+  (lastfn 
+    (1)) 1)
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of numbers, no elements"
+  (lastfn ()) undefined)
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of strings, 1 element" 
+  (lastfn 
+    ("abc")) "abc")
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of strings, many elements" 
+  (lastfn 
+    ("ala" "bla" "cla")) "cla")
+
+
+
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of numbers" 
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg) (debug "some other instruction")
+  (last listarg)) 
+    (1 2 3)) 3)
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of numbers, 1 element" 
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg) (debug "some other instruction")
+  (last listarg)) 
+    (1)) 1)
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of numbers, no elements"
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg) (debug "some other instruction")
+  (last listarg)) ()) undefined)
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of strings, 1 element" 
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg) (debug "some other instruction")
+  (last listarg)) 
+    ("abc")) "abc")
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of strings, many elements" 
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg) (debug "some other instruction")
+  (last listarg)) 
+    ("ala" "bla" "cla")) "cla")
+
+
+
+;functions defined as defn/lambda args bodyinstr
+
+(defn lastfn2 
+  (listarg)
+  (last listarg))
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of numbers" 
+  (lastfn2 
+    (1 2 3)) 3)
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of numbers, 1 element" 
+  (lastfn2 
+    (1)) 1)
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of numbers, no elements"
+  (lastfn2 ()) undefined)
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of strings, 1 element" 
+  (lastfn2 
+    ("abc")) "abc")
+
+(test "Proxied last call - list of strings, many elements" 
+  (lastfn2 
+    ("ala" "bla" "cla")) "cla")
+
+
+
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of numbers" 
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg)
+  (last listarg)) 
+    (1 2 3)) 3)
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of numbers, 1 element" 
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg)
+  (last listarg)) 
+    (1)) 1)
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of numbers, no elements"
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg)
+  (last listarg)) ()) undefined)
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of strings, 1 element" 
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg)
+  (last listarg)) 
+    ("abc")) "abc")
+
+(test "Lambda last call - list of strings, many elements" 
+  ((λ 
+  (listarg)
+  (last listarg)) 
+    ("ala" "bla" "cla")) "cla")

index.html

@@ -148,14 +148,16 @@ function Lain (lib = {}) {
       const identifier = input[1].value
       if (context.scope[identifier]) { console.warn('Lain', `Redefining function: ${identifier}`) }
       const fnParams = input[2].type === TYPES.string && input[3] ? input[3] : input[2]
-      const fnBody = input[2].type === TYPES.string && input[4] ? input[4] : input[3]
+      const fnBodyFirstIndex = input[2].type === TYPES.string && input[4] ? 4 : 3
+      const fnBody = input.slice(fnBodyFirstIndex)
       context.scope[identifier] = function () {
         const lambdaArguments = arguments
         const lambdaScope = fnParams.reduce(function (acc, x, i) {
           acc[x.value] = lambdaArguments[i]
           return acc
         }, {})
-        return interpret(fnBody, new Context(lambdaScope, context))
+        let result = interpret(fnBody, new Context(lambdaScope, context))
+        return getReturnValue(result)
       }
     },
     λ: function (input, context) {
@@ -165,13 +167,20 @@ function Lain (lib = {}) {
           acc[x.value] = lambdaArguments[i]
           return acc
         }, {})
-        return interpret(input[2], new Context(lambdaScope, context))
+        let result = interpret(input.slice(2), new Context(lambdaScope, context))
+        return getReturnValue(result)
       }
     },
     if: function (input, context) {
       return interpret(input[1], context) ? interpret(input[2], context) : input[3] ? interpret(input[3], context) : []
     }
   }
+  const getReturnValue = function (interpretResult) {
+    if(!interpretResult || !(interpretResult instanceof Array) || !interpretResult.length){ 
+      return interpretResult 
+    }
+    return interpretResult[interpretResult.length - 1]
+  }
   const interpretList = function (input, context) {
     if (input.length > 0 && input[0].value in special) {
       return special[input[0].value](input, context)
@@ -1185,6 +1194,21 @@ function Library (client) {
     }
     return Math.random()
   }
+  this.logand = (a, b) => {
+    return a & b
+  }
+  this.logior = (a, b) => {
+    return a | b
+  }
+  this.logxor = (a, b) => {
+    return a ^ b
+  }
+  this.lognot = (a) => {
+    return ~ a
+  }
+  this.ash = (a, b) => {
+    return a << b
+  }
   this.gt = (a, b) => { // Returns true if a is greater than b, else false.
     return a > b
   }
@@ -1211,20 +1235,29 @@ function Library (client) {
     }
     return args[args.length - 1]
   }
-  this.not = (a) => {
+  this.not = (a) => { //Negation. Returns true if a is false. Returns false if a is true. 
     return !a
   }
-  this.while = (fn, action) => {
+  this.while = (fn, action) => { //While loop. Execute action for as long as fn is true.
     while (fn()) {
       action()
     }
   }
+  this.apply = (fn, argslist) => {
+    let result = fn(...argslist);
+    return result;
+  }
   this.each = (arr, fn) => { // Run a function for each element in a list.
     for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
       const arg = arr[i]
       fn(arg, i)
     }
   }
+  this.eachof = (arr, fn) => {
+    for(let elem of arr){
+      fn(elem);
+    }
+  }
   this.map = (arr, fn) => { // Returns a new list with fn applied to each value.
     return arr.map(fn);
   }
@@ -1242,7 +1275,10 @@ function Library (client) {
   this.len = (item) => { // Returns the length of a list.
     return item.length
   }
-  this.cons = (arr, ...items) => { // Retruns a new array with the items appended.
+  this.list = (...items) => { // Returns a new array with the items
+    return items
+  }
+  this.cons = (arr, ...items) => { // Returns a new array with the items appended to arr.
     return arr.concat(items)
   }
   this.push = (arr, ...items) => { // Appends the items into the existing list.
@@ -1260,10 +1296,10 @@ function Library (client) {
   this.last = (arr) => { // Returns the last
     return arr[arr.length - 1]
   }
-  this.rest = ([_, ...arr]) => {
+  this.rest = ([_, ...arr]) => { // Returns all arguments except the first
     return arr
   }
-  this.range = (start, end, step = 1) => {
+  this.range = (start, end, step = 1) => { //Returns a list of numbers counting from start to end. Step defaults to 1.
     const arr = []
     if (step > 0) {
       for (let i = start; i <= end; i += step) {
@@ -1277,7 +1313,7 @@ function Library (client) {
     return arr
   }
   this.get = (item, key) => { // Gets an object's parameter with name.
-    return item && key ? item[key] : null
+    return item && (key !== null && key !== undefined) ? item[key] : null
   }
   this.set = (item, ...args) => { // Sets an object's parameter with name as value.
     for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i += 2) {
@@ -1305,6 +1341,9 @@ function Library (client) {
   this.values = (item) => { // Returns a list of the object's values
     return Object.values(item)
   }
+  this.entries = (item) => { // Returns a list of the object's properties, each in array of [key, value]
+    return Object.entries(item);
+  }
   this.convolve = (kernel, rect = this['get-frame']()) => {
     const sigma = kernel.flat().reduce((a, x) => (a + x))
     const kw = kernel[0].length; const kh = kernel.length
@@ -1357,9 +1396,9 @@ function Library (client) {
     client.log(args)
     return args
   }
-  this.debug = (arg) => { // Print arguments to console.
-    console.log(arg)
-    return arg
+  this.debug = (...args) => { // Print arguments to console.
+    console.log(...args)
+    return args
   }
   this.time = (rate = 1) => { // Returns timestamp in milliseconds.
     return (Date.now() * rate)
@@ -1367,10 +1406,13 @@ function Library (client) {
   this.js = () => { // Javascript interop.
     return window
   }
+  this['js-bind'] = (fn, thisArg, ...args) => {
+    return fn.bind(thisArg, ...args)
+  }
   this.on = (event, f) => { // Triggers on event.
     client.bind(event, f)
   }
-  this.test = (name, a, b) => {
+  this.test = (name, a, b) => { //nit test. Checks if a is equal to b, logs results to console.
     if (`${a}` !== `${b}`) {
       console.warn('failed ' + name, a, b)
     } else {
@@ -1387,7 +1429,7 @@ function Library (client) {
   this['get-theme'] = () => { // Get theme values.
     return client.theme.active
   }
-  this['get-frame'] = () => { // Get theme values.
+  this['get-frame'] = () => { // Get frame shape.
     return client.surface.getFrame()
   }
 }

scripts/lib/lain.js

@@ -40,15 +40,21 @@ function Lain (lib = {}) {
     defn: function (input, context) {
       const identifier = input[1].value
       if (context.scope[identifier]) { console.warn('Lain', `Redefining function: ${identifier}`) }
+      
       const fnParams = input[2].type === TYPES.string && input[3] ? input[3] : input[2]
-      const fnBody = input[2].type === TYPES.string && input[4] ? input[4] : input[3]
+      const fnBodyFirstIndex = input[2].type === TYPES.string && input[4] ? 4 : 3
+      const fnBody = input.slice(fnBodyFirstIndex)
+
       context.scope[identifier] = function () {
         const lambdaArguments = arguments
         const lambdaScope = fnParams.reduce(function (acc, x, i) {
           acc[x.value] = lambdaArguments[i]
           return acc
         }, {})
-        return interpret(fnBody, new Context(lambdaScope, context))
+
+        let result = interpret(fnBody, new Context(lambdaScope, context))
+        //lisp returns the return value of the last executed function, not a list of all results of all functions.
+        return getReturnValue(result)
       }
     },
     λ: function (input, context) {
@@ -58,7 +64,10 @@ function Lain (lib = {}) {
           acc[x.value] = lambdaArguments[i]
           return acc
         }, {})
-        return interpret(input[2], new Context(lambdaScope, context))
+
+        let result = interpret(input.slice(2), new Context(lambdaScope, context))
+        //lisp returns the return value of the last executed function, not a list of all results of all functions.
+        return getReturnValue(result)
       }
     },
     if: function (input, context) {
@@ -66,6 +75,15 @@ function Lain (lib = {}) {
     }
   }
 
+  const getReturnValue = function (interpretResult) {
+    //lisp returns the return value of the last executed function, 
+    //not a list of all results of all functions.
+    if(!interpretResult || !(interpretResult instanceof Array) || !interpretResult.length){ 
+      return interpretResult 
+    }
+    return interpretResult[interpretResult.length - 1]
+  }
+
   const interpretList = function (input, context) {
     if (input.length > 0 && input[0].value in special) {
       return special[input[0].value](input, context)

scripts/library.js

@@ -382,6 +382,28 @@ function Library (client) {
     return Math.random()
   }
 
+  // Binary
+
+  this.logand = (a, b) => {
+    return a & b
+  }
+
+  this.logior = (a, b) => {
+    return a | b
+  }
+
+  this.logxor = (a, b) => {
+    return a ^ b
+  }
+
+  this.lognot = (a) => {
+    return ~ a
+  }
+
+  this.ash = (a, b) => {
+    return a << b
+  }
+
   // Logic
 
   this.gt = (a, b) => { // Returns true if a is greater than b, else false.
@@ -415,18 +437,22 @@ function Library (client) {
     return args[args.length - 1]
   }
 
-  this.not = (a) => {
+  this.not = (a) => { //Negation. Returns true if a is false. Returns false if a is true. 
     return !a
   }
 
-  // Arrays
-
-  this.while = (fn, action) => {
+  this.while = (fn, action) => { //While loop. Execute action for as long as fn is true.
     while (fn()) {
       action()
     }
   }
 
+  // Arrays
+  this.apply = (fn, argslist) => {
+    let result = fn(...argslist);
+    return result;
+  }
+
   this.each = (arr, fn) => { // Run a function for each element in a list.
     for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
       const arg = arr[i]
@@ -434,6 +460,12 @@ function Library (client) {
     }
   }
 
+  this.eachof = (arr, fn) => {
+    for(let elem of arr){
+      fn(elem);
+    }
+  }
+
   this.map = (arr, fn) => { // Returns a new list with fn applied to each value.
     return arr.map(fn);
   }
@@ -455,7 +487,11 @@ function Library (client) {
     return item.length
   }
 
-  this.cons = (arr, ...items) => { // Retruns a new array with the items appended.
+  this.list = (...items) => { // Returns a new array with the items
+    return items
+  }
+
+  this.cons = (arr, ...items) => { // Returns a new array with the items appended to arr.
     return arr.concat(items)
   }
 
@@ -478,11 +514,11 @@ function Library (client) {
     return arr[arr.length - 1]
   }
 
-  this.rest = ([_, ...arr]) => {
+  this.rest = ([_, ...arr]) => { // Returns all arguments except the first
     return arr
   }
 
-  this.range = (start, end, step = 1) => {
+  this.range = (start, end, step = 1) => { //Returns a list of numbers counting from start to end. Step defaults to 1.
     const arr = []
     if (step > 0) {
       for (let i = start; i <= end; i += step) {
@@ -499,7 +535,7 @@ function Library (client) {
   // Objects
 
   this.get = (item, key) => { // Gets an object's parameter with name.
-    return item && key ? item[key] : null
+    return item && (key !== null && key !== undefined) ? item[key] : null
   }
 
   this.set = (item, ...args) => { // Sets an object's parameter with name as value.
@@ -533,6 +569,10 @@ function Library (client) {
     return Object.values(item)
   }
 
+  this.entries = (item) => { // Returns a list of the object's properties, each in array of [key, value]
+    return Object.entries(item);
+  }
+
   // Convolve
 
   this.convolve = (kernel, rect = this['get-frame']()) => {
@@ -575,6 +615,8 @@ function Library (client) {
       [-1, -1, -1]]
   }
 
+  // Points
+
   this.offset = (a, b) => { // Offsets pos a with pos b, returns a.
     a.x += b.x
     a.y += b.y
@@ -585,6 +627,8 @@ function Library (client) {
     return Math.sqrt(((a.x - b.x) * (a.x - b.x)) + ((a.y - b.y) * (a.y - b.y)))
   }
 
+  // Utilities
+
   this.print = (value) => {
     client.source.write('ronin-print', 'txt', value, 'text/plain')
     return value
@@ -595,9 +639,9 @@ function Library (client) {
     return args
   }
 
-  this.debug = (arg) => { // Print arguments to console.
-    console.log(arg)
-    return arg
+  this.debug = (...args) => { // Print arguments to console.
+    console.log(...args)
+    return args
   }
 
   this.time = (rate = 1) => { // Returns timestamp in milliseconds.
@@ -608,11 +652,24 @@ function Library (client) {
     return window
   }
 
+  // Returns a new function that
+  // Useful when executing JS functions that need a strict `this` context.
+  //
+  // An example:
+  // `(get (get (js) "navigator") "requestMIDIAccess")` in Ronin
+  // should be equivalent to `window.navigator.requestMIDIAccess` in JS.
+  // Executing such retrieved JS method will crash though - as the method
+  // needs an internal `this` context - in exemplary case, window.navigator.
+  //
+  this['js-bind'] = (fn, thisArg, ...args) => {
+    return fn.bind(thisArg, ...args)
+  }
+
   this.on = (event, f) => { // Triggers on event.
     client.bind(event, f)
   }
 
-  this.test = (name, a, b) => {
+  this.test = (name, a, b) => { //nit test. Checks if a is equal to b, logs results to console.
     if (`${a}` !== `${b}`) {
       console.warn('failed ' + name, a, b)
     } else {
@@ -634,7 +691,7 @@ function Library (client) {
     return client.theme.active
   }
 
-  this['get-frame'] = () => { // Get theme values.
+  this['get-frame'] = () => { // Get frame shape.
     return client.surface.getFrame()
   }
 }